Raws li lub hauv paus tsev blocks ntawm mechanical systems thiab khoom siv, mechanical Cheebtsam embody lub kis tau tus mob, hloov dua siab tshiab, thiab tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm quab yuam, txav, zog, thiab teeb liab. Txawm hais tias cov khoom sib txawv hauv hom thiab daim ntawv, lawv tseem ceeb ua haujlwm xws li kev sib txuas, kev txhawb nqa, kev sib kis, kev sib khi, kev hloov kho, lossis kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thiab cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev, yog li ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tag nrho lub tshuab raws li txoj kev npaj ua ntej. Kev nkag siab txog lawv cov qauv kev ua haujlwm pab txhawb kev xaiv, siv, thiab kev saib xyuas, txhim kho tag nrho cov khoom siv.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv kho tshuab yog rooted hauv classical mechanics. Piv txwv li, bearings cia siab rau dov cov ntsiab lus los yog zawv zawg khub los hloov cov txheeb ze kev sib hloov mus rau hauv qis- kev sib txhuam kev sib txhuam, siv qhov haum haum ntawm lub puab thiab sab nraud rings thiab dov cov ntsiab lus los tiv thaiv radial los yog axial loads thiab txo rotational tsis kam; gears xa cov lus tsa suab thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv nkag mus rau cov zis ncej ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ceev piv los ntawm cov hniav meshing, paub txog kev hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm kev ceev thiab quab yuam; Cov couplings, los ntawm kev sib txuas nruj lossis txav tau, xa hluav taws xob thiab them nyiaj rau coaxiality yuam kev thiab me me axial txav ntawm ob lub shafts, kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib txuas ntawm cov saw fais fab. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem piav qhia txhua yam siv cov qauv siv tshuab, suav nrog kev sib cuag kev ntxhov siab, kev sib txhuam fais fab, thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib npaug.
Lwm hom kev tivthaiv ua haujlwm raws li deformation thiab lub zog cia cov teebmeem. Springs siv qhov thim rov qab deformation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv elastic nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab kom ua tiav buffering, rov pib dua, lossis qhov tso tawm tsis tu ncua elastic; lawv cov kev coj tus cwj pwm ua raws li Hooke Txoj Cai thiab tuav cov lus teb hauv ib qho kev sib txawv. Dampers, ntawm qhov tod tes, hloov kho txhua yam kev vibration zog rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm cov kua viscosity los yog kev sib txhuam ntawm lub zog tawg, yog li txo qhov amplitude thiab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev qaug zog puas tsuaj. Tus yuam sij rau kev tsim cov hom kev tivthaiv no nyob rau hauv kev sib piv cov khoom siv elastic modulus, geometric tsis, thiab kev khiav hauj lwm loads kom ruaj khov thiab kev pab lub neej ntev.
Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tsom rau kev thaiv thiab tswj kev khiav ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Los ntawm cov compression deformation ntawm elastomers los yog cov ntaub ntawv hloov tau yooj yim, lawv sau cov mating qhov khoob thiab tsim ib qho kev thaiv uas tiv thaiv cov kua los yog particle nkag. Lawv txoj kev ua tau zoo nyob ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo, cov qauv tsim, thiab kev teeb tsa ua ntej. Hauv cov tshuab hydraulic thiab pneumatic, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tuav ciam teb siab, kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog nruab nrab kis tau raws li txoj hauv kev tau txiav txim siab; Hauv kev siv plua plav thiab dej tsis zoo, lawv cais cov kab mob sab nraud thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov txheej txheem sab hauv.
Kev hloov kho thiab tswj cov khoom, xws li kev txwv cov keyboards, cams, thiab ratchet mechanisms, feem ntau ua tiav lub sijhawm tswj thiab kev txwv kev coj ua los ntawm geometric txwv thiab kev cuam tshuam kev txav. Cam mechanisms siv cov contour curves los hloov cov lus tsa suab rau hauv cov lus tsa suab los yog oscillating ntawm tus neeg taug qab; lawv qhov tseeb yog txwv los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm contour machining thiab cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no ntawm cov neeg taug qab. Ratchet mechanisms, ntawm qhov tod tes, tso cai rau kev txav mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia thiab tiv thaiv kev thim rov qab los ntawm unidirectional hniav meshing, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau qhov chaw thiab tiv thaiv - rov qab tig.
Hauv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, qee cov khoom siv kho tshuab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev hnov lus thiab electromechanical hauv paus ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, lub bushing nrog lub encoder tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia tiag tiag - lub sijhawm tawm tswv yim ntawm kev ceev thiab txoj haujlwm, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob mus rau hauv kab tawm, uas yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev tswj hwm. Cov Cheebtsam no dhau qhov kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm nkaus xwb, ua tiav kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab, hluav taws xob, thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov organic ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv, cov qauv geometric, thiab cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev hauv engineering. Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog qhov nruab nrab rau kev quab yuam thiab kev sib kis, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev sib txuas tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav kev ua haujlwm subdivision thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub. Kev nkag siab zoo ntawm nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tsis tsuas yog pab hauv kev xaiv kom raug thiab siv lub laj thawj, tab sis kuj tseem muab kev txhawb nqa theoretical rau kev soj ntsuam yuam kev thiab kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, yog li txhawb kev txhim kho cov tshuab tshuab kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab kev ntseeg tau.
